Some dog breeds have been around longer than most countries.
We’re talking ancient companions—dogs that walked beside pharaohs, guarded temples, and curled up in caves while humans still made fire with sticks. These aren’t your average backyard barkers. They’re living history.
From elegant sighthounds to scrappy survivalists, these breeds have seen empires rise and fall—and they’ve stayed loyal through it all.
Ready to meet 17 of the world’s oldest dog breeds still trotting around today? Just don’t call them “vintage.” They might take it personally.
Afghan Hound
Graceful and elegant, the Afghan Hound captivates with its exotic beauty and regal demeanor. Originating from the harsh terrains of Afghanistan, this breed was originally used for hunting large game. Its long, flowing coat and distinctive silhouette make it a sight to behold in motion.
In daily life, Afghan Hounds are known for their independent spirits and aloof nature, which can sometimes be mistaken for aloofness. However, they form strong bonds with their human caregivers who understand their unique personalities.
These dogs require regular grooming to maintain their luxurious coats, making them perfect for owners who enjoy pampering their pets.
Saluki
Often referred to as the “Royal Dog of Egypt,” the Saluki is one of the oldest known breeds. With origins tracing back to ancient Egyptian times, these dogs were favored by pharaohs for their speed and hunting prowess.
Their slender build and graceful movement are akin to that of a gazelle, making them exceptional runners. Modern-day Salukis retain a gentle and reserved nature, often forming deep connections with their families.
While they thrive in active households, Salukis also enjoy quiet time, making them versatile companions. Their history and elegance continue to enchant dog lovers worldwide.
Basenji
Known as the “barkless dog,” the Basenji hails from Central Africa. This unique breed communicates through yodel-like sounds rather than traditional barking. Originally bred for hunting, they are alert and agile, with a keen sense of sight and smell.
Basenjis are intelligent and independent, requiring mental and physical stimulation to keep their curious minds occupied. Their short coats make them relatively low-maintenance in terms of grooming.
These dogs often engage in playful antics, endearing themselves to their human companions. The Basenji’s distinct characteristics and rich history make them a fascinating addition to any household.
Chow Chow
With a history that dates back over two thousand years, the Chow Chow is a breed of ancient Chinese origin. Known for its distinctive blue-black tongue and lion-like appearance, this breed exudes an aura of mystery and charm.
Chow Chows were historically used for guarding and hunting, traits which manifest in their reserved and protective nature today. They form strong attachments to their families but can be aloof with strangers.
Regular grooming is needed to maintain their thick fur, and early socialization is key to fostering their gentle side. The Chow Chow’s unique traits and storied past add intrigue to its personality.
Akita Inu
The Akita Inu is a symbol of loyalty and courage in Japan. Originating from the mountainous regions of northern Japan, this breed was initially developed for hunting large game, such as bear and deer.
Akitas are known for their strong wills and independent natures, though they are deeply devoted to their families. Their protective instincts make them excellent guardians, while their dignified presence commands respect.
They require consistent training and socialization from an early age to channel their energies appropriately. With proper guidance and love, Akitas become steadfast companions, embodying the noble traits they are celebrated for.
Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu, affectionately known as the “lion dog,” is a small yet charming breed with a royal lineage. Originally bred as companions for Chinese royalty, they are known for their affectionate nature and flowing coats.
These delightful dogs boast lively personalities and love being the center of attention. Their small size makes them ideal for apartment living, while their friendly demeanor endears them to everyone they meet.
Regular grooming is essential to maintain their luxurious coats, and they thrive on companionship and social interaction. The Shih Tzu’s rich history and delightful personality make them a beloved breed worldwide.
Samoyed
The Samoyed, with its signature “Sammy smile,” is a breed of Siberian origin. These dogs were historically used by the Samoyedic peoples for herding reindeer and pulling sleds. Their thick, white coats provided warmth in the frigid climates of Siberia.
Samoyeds are known for their friendly and gentle nature, often forming strong bonds with their families. Their playful demeanor and love for human interaction make them wonderful companions.
Regular exercise and grooming are essential to keep them healthy and happy. Their rich history and cheerful disposition continue to warm the hearts of dog enthusiasts worldwide.
Alaskan Malamute
Known for their strength and endurance, Alaskan Malamutes were originally bred by the native Alaskan Mahlemut tribe for hauling heavy freight. These powerful dogs are closely related to wolves, evident in their stature and appearance.
Malamutes are highly intelligent and require regular physical activities to keep them engaged. Their friendly nature and pack mentality make them excellent family pets, though they can be independent.
Proper training and socialization are crucial to managing their strong-willed personalities. The Alaskan Malamute’s storied past and loyal disposition ensure they remain a cherished breed among enthusiasts.
Tibetan Mastiff
The Tibetan Mastiff, known for its impressive size and guarding instincts, hails from the Himalayan mountains. Historically, they protected sheep from predators and served as guardians for Tibetan monasteries and villages.
Their independent and protective nature makes them loyal family members, but they are also known for their stubborn streaks. Consistent training and strong leadership are necessary to guide them effectively.
Despite their formidable presence, Tibetan Mastiffs are gentle with their families. Their rich history and unique temperament contribute to their allure as one of the world’s oldest breeds.
Shar Pei
The Shar Pei, with its distinctive wrinkled skin, originates from China and has been around for centuries. This breed was traditionally used for guarding, hunting, and herding.
Shar Peis are known for their calm and reserved personalities, often displaying a strong sense of independence. While they can be wary of strangers, they are devoted to their families and make excellent companions.
Their unique coat requires minimal grooming, though regular care is needed to keep their skin healthy. The Shar Pei’s unusual appearance and loyal nature make them a captivating breed with a rich history.
Finnish Spitz
The Finnish Spitz, often called the “barking bird dog,” is a national treasure of Finland. Originally bred for hunting game birds, their acute sense of hearing and distinctive bark helped hunters locate prey.
These lively dogs are known for their playful and spirited nature, making them wonderful companions for active families. Their fox-like appearance and bushy tails add to their charm.
While they require regular exercise and mental stimulation, Finnish Spitzes are relatively low-maintenance in terms of grooming. Their vibrant personalities and deep-rooted history make them a beloved breed worldwide.
Shiba Inu
The Shiba Inu, Japan’s smallest native breed, is known for its spirited personality and fox-like appearance. Originally bred for hunting small game, their alertness and agility are traits they carry to this day.
Shibas are fiercely independent and require patient training to shape their stubborn streaks. Despite their independence, they form strong bonds with their families and thrive on companionship.
Their clean and compact coats make them relatively easy to care for, adding to their appeal as household pets. The Shiba Inu’s endearing qualities and vibrant history ensure its place as a favorite among dog enthusiasts.
Pharaoh Hound
The Pharaoh Hound, often associated with ancient Egypt, exudes elegance and intelligence. Despite its name, the breed originates from Malta, where it was traditionally used for hunting rabbits.
Known for their keen senses and speed, Pharaoh Hounds are both athletic and graceful. They are affectionate with family members and enjoy engaging in playful activities.
Their short coats require minimal grooming, making them ideal for those seeking low-maintenance pets. The Pharaoh Hound’s captivating history and unique appearance continue to draw admiration from dog lovers worldwide.
Canaan Dog
The Canaan Dog, Israel’s national breed, boasts a lineage that spans thousands of years. These dogs were originally used by Bedouins for herding and guarding.
Known for their alert and intelligent nature, Canaan Dogs are highly adaptable and excel in various tasks. They form strong bonds with their families but can be wary of strangers, making them excellent watchdogs.
Their sturdy and agile build requires regular exercise, and they thrive in environments that offer mental stimulation. The Canaan Dog’s historical significance and versatile nature make them a remarkable breed.
New Guinea Singing Dog
The New Guinea Singing Dog is not just known for its melodious vocalizations but also for its wild origins. Native to the highlands of New Guinea, this breed is one of the most primitive in existence.
Their unique singing calls, which range from harmonic howls to melodic yelps, captivate all who hear them. Despite their wild nature, they form strong bonds when socialized properly from a young age.
Due to their rarity, they are primarily found in conservation programs. The New Guinea Singing Dog’s enchanting voice and ancient lineage continue to fascinate researchers and dog enthusiasts alike.
Xoloitzcuintli
The Xoloitzcuintli, often referred to as the “Xolo,” is an ancient breed revered by the Aztecs. Known for its hairless appearance, this breed was believed to have healing powers and served as a companion to the gods.
Xolos are known for their calm and attentive nature, forming strong attachments to their families. Despite their lack of fur, they require regular skin care to maintain health.
Their unique appearance and cultural significance make them a breed steeped in history and mystery. The Xoloitzcuintli’s enduring legacy and distinctive traits continue to captivate dog lovers worldwide.
Norwegian Elkhound
With roots tracing back to the Vikings, the Norwegian Elkhound is a robust and spirited breed. These dogs were once fearless hunters, known for tracking moose and even bears. Their wolf-like appearance is complemented by a friendly demeanor, making them beloved companions.
Imagine a dog that carries the essence of the wild in its heart, yet curls up with you on a chilly night. Their alert nature and keen senses make them exceptional watchdogs.
Did you know? The Norwegian Elkhound’s history is so rich that they were cherished by Scandinavian royalty. How’s that for blue-blooded loyalty?